International Sports Sciences Association (ISSA) Trainer Practice Exam

A "flat back" posture can be identified primarily by the presence of a posterior pelvic tilt, which results in a decreased natural curvature of the lumbar spine. In a typical standing posture, the lower back has a slight inward curve known as lordosis. However, in individuals with flat back posture, this curvature is diminished, leading to a more flat appearance of the lower spine.

Posterior pelvic tilt occurs when the pelvis tilts backward, flattening the lumbar spine. As a result, the entire spine tends to align in a more horizontal manner rather than maintaining its natural curves. This can affect movement patterns and may lead to muscle imbalances or discomfort over time.

Other choices describe different postural characteristics: a neutral spine alignment typically maintains the natural curves of the spine and is not indicative of a flat back; lordosis refers specifically to increased inward curvature of the lumbar region, which contrasts with flat back posture; and locked knees typically suggest a positioning related to lower limb alignment rather than the spinal posture itself.